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注意，mysql 乱码的主要原因在于mysql 字符集设置不当的问题。
收集了一些mysql 字符集的命令。
包括查看 mysql 数据库服务器字符集、查看 mysql 数据库字符集，以及数据表和字段的字符集、当前安装的 mysql 所支持的字符集等。
一、查看 mysql 数据库服务器和数据库字符集。
二、查看 mysql 数据表(table) 的字符集。
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql> show table status from sqlstudy_db like '%countries%';
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| name | engine | version | row_format | rows | collation |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
| countries | innodb | 10 | compact | 11 | utf8_general_ci |......
+-----------+--------+---------+------------+------+-----------------+------
三、查看 mysql 数据列(column)的字符集。
四、查看当前安装的 mysql 所支持的字符集。
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql> show charset;
mysql> show char set;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| charset | description | default collation | maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | big5 traditional chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | dec west european | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | dos west european | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | hp west european | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | koi8-r relcom russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 west european | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | iso 8859-2 central european | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | us ascii | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | euc-jp japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | shift-jis japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | iso 8859-8 hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | tis620 thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | euc-kr korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | koi8-u ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | gb2312 simplified chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | iso 8859-7 greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | windows central european | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | gbk simplified chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | iso 8859-9 turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | armscii-8 armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | utf-8 unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | ucs-2 unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | dos russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | dos kamenicky czech-slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | mac central european | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | mac west european | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | dos central european | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | iso 8859-13 baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1251 | windows cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1256 | windows arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | windows baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| binary | binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | geostd8 georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | sjis for windows japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | ujis for windows japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
说明：以上查看 mysql 字符集命令，适用于 windows & linux。
1，查找mysql的cnf文件的位置
复制代码 代码示例:
find / -iname '*.cnf' -print
/usr/share/mysql/my-innodb-heavy-4g.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/mktex.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/web2c/fmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/xmltex/xmltexfmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/texmf/tex/jadetex/jadefmtutil.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-community-5.1.22/my-innodb-heavy-4g.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-community-5.1.22/my-large.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-community-5.1.22/my-small.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-community-5.1.22/my-medium.cnf
/usr/share/doc/mysql-server-community-5.1.22/my-huge.cnf
2，复制small.cnf、my-medium.cnf、my-huge.cnf、my-innodb-heavy-4g.cnf其中的一个到/etc下，命名为my.cnf
复制代码 代码示例:
cp /usr/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
3，修改my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf
在[client]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
在[mysqld]下添加
default-character-set=utf8
4，重新启动mysql
复制代码 代码示例:
[root@jbxue ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
shutting down mysql [ 确定 ]
starting mysql. [ 确定 ]
[root@jbxue ~]# mysql -u root -p
enter password:
welcome to the mysql monitor. commands end with ; or \g.
your mysql connection id is 1
server version: 5.1.22-rc-community-log mysql community edition (gpl)
type 'help;' or '\h' for help. type '\c' to clear the buffer.
5，查看mysql字符集设置
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| variable_name | value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name | value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)
1)，修改数据库的字符集
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb character set utf-8(utf8);
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql>create database mydb character set utf-8(utf8);
2)，通过配置文件修改mysql字符集
修改/var/lib/mysql/mydb/db.opt
default-character-set=latin1
default-collation=latin1_swedish_ci
为
default-character-set=utf8
default-collation=utf8_general_ci
3)、重启mysql数据库
复制代码 代码示例:
[root@jbxue ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql restart
4)mysql命令行修改字符集
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql> set character_set_client=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_connection=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_database=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_results=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_server=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set character_set_system=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_connection=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_database=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> set collation_server=utf8;
query ok, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
5)，查看mysql字符集
复制代码 代码示例:
mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| variable_name | value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.03 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| variable_name | value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.04 sec)