2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>>
本文来自:Rabbitmq的五种模式和案例
消息生产者p将消息放入队列
消费者监听队列,如果队列中有消息,就消费掉,消息被拿走后,自动从队列删除
(隐患,消息可能没有被消费者正确处理,已经消失了,无法恢复)
应用场景:聊天室
案例:
1>.首先准备依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>
2>.写一个test类
public class SimpleTest { //模拟生产者将消息放入队列 @Test public void send() throws Exception{ /*1 创建连接工厂 * 2 配置共创config * 3 获取连接 * 4获取信道 * 5 从信道声明queue * 6 发送消息 * 7 释放资源 */ ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("106.23.34.56"); factory.setPort(5672); factory.setVirtualHost("/tb"); factory.setUsername("admin"); factory.setPassword("123456"); //从工厂获取连接 Connection conn=factory.newConnection(); //从连接获取信道 Channel chan=conn.createChannel(); //利用channel声明第一个队列 chan.queueDeclare("simple", false, false, false, null); //queue String类型,表示声明的queue对列的名字 //durable Boolean类型,表示是否持久化 //exclusive Boolean类型:当前声明的queue是否专注;true当前连接创建的 //任何channle都可以连接这个queue,false,新的channel不可使用 //autoDelete Boolean类型:在最后连接使用完成后,是否删除队列,false //arguments Map类型,其他声明参数 //发送消息 String msg="helloworld,nihaoa"; chan.basicPublish("", "simple", null, msg.getBytes()); //exchange String类型,交换机名称,简单模式使用默认交换"" //routingkey String类型,当前的消息绑定的routingkey,简单模式下,与队列同名即可 //props BasicProperties类型,消息的属性字段对象,例如BasicProperties //可以设置一个deliveryMode的值0 持久化,1 表示不持久化,durable配合使用 //body byte[] :消息字符串的byte数组 } //模拟消费端 @Test public void receive() throws Exception{
ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("106.23.34.56");
factory.setPort(5672);
factory.setVirtualHost("/tb");
factory.setUsername("admin");
factory.setPassword("123456");
//从工厂获取连接
Connection conn=factory.newConnection();//从连接获取信道Channel chan=conn.createChannel();chan.queueDeclare("simple", false, false, false, null);//创建一个消费者QueueingConsumer consumer= new QueueingConsumer(chan);chan.basicConsume("simple", consumer);//监听队列while(true){//获取下一个delivery,delivery从队列获取消息Delivery delivery = consumer.nextDelivery();String msg=new String(delivery.getBody());System.out.println(msg);}}}
2.work模式
生产者将消息放入队列
多个消费者同时监听同一个队列,消息如何被消费?
C1,C2共同争抢当前消息队列的内容,谁先拿到消息,谁来负责消费
应用场景:红包;大型项目中的资源调度过程(直接由最空闲的系统争抢到资源处理任务)
案例:
1>首先写一个工具类
public class ConnectionUtil {public static Connection getConn(){try{ConnectionFactory factory=new ConnectionFactory();factory.setHost("106.33.44.179");factory.setPort(5672);factory.setVirtualHost("/tb");factory.setUsername("admin");factory.setPassword("123456");//从工厂获取连接Connection conn=factory.newConnection();return conn;}catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e.getMessage());return null;}}
}
2>写test类
public class WorkTest {@Testpublic void send() throws Exception{//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明队列chan.queueDeclare("work", false, false, false, null);for(int i=0;i<100;i++){String msg="1712,hello:"+i+"message";chan.basicPublish("", "work", null, msg.getBytes());System.out.println("第"+i+"条信息已经发送");}chan.close();conn.close();}@Testpublic void receive1() throws Exception{//获取连接,获取信道Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();chan.queueDeclare("work", false, false, false, null);//同一时刻服务器只发送一条消息给同一消费者,消费者空闲,才发送一条chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//绑定队列和消费者的关系//queue//autoAck:消息被消费后,是否自动确认回执,如果false,不自动需要手动在//完成消息消费后进行回执确认,channel.ack,channel.nack//callback//chan.basicConsume(queue, autoAck, callback)chan.basicConsume("work", false, consumer);//监听while(true){Delivery delivery=consumer.nextDelivery();byte[] result = delivery.getBody();String msg=new String(result);System.out.println("接受到:"+msg);Thread.sleep(50);//返回服务器,回执chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);} }@Testpublic void receive2() throws Exception{//获取连接,获取信道Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();chan.queueDeclare("work", false, false, false, null);//同一时刻服务器只发送一条消息给同一消费者,消费者空闲,才发送一条chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//绑定队列和消费者的关系//queue//autoAck:消息被消费后,是否自动确认回执,如果false,不自动需要手动在//完成消息消费后进行回执确认,channel.ack,channel.nack//callback//chan.basicConsume(queue, autoAck, callback)chan.basicConsume("work", false, consumer);//监听while(true){Delivery delivery=consumer.nextDelivery();byte[] result = delivery.getBody();String msg=new String(result);System.out.println("接受到:"+msg);Thread.sleep(150);//返回服务器,回执chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}}
3 publish/fanout发布订阅
生产者将消息交给交换机
有交换机根据发布订阅的模式设定将消息同步到所有的绑定队列中;
后端的消费者都能拿到消息
应用场景:邮件群发,群聊天,广告
案例:
public class FanoutTest {//交换机,有类型,发布订阅:fanout//路由模式:direct//主题模式:topic@Testpublic void send() throws Exception {//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明交换机//参数意义,1 交换机名称,2 类型:fanout,direct,topicchan.exchangeDeclare("fanoutEx", "fanout");//发送消息for(int i=0;i<100;i++){String msg="1712 hello:"+i+"msg";chan.basicPublish("fanoutEx", "", null, msg.getBytes());System.out.println("第"+i+"条信息已经发送");}}@Testpublic void receiv01() throws Exception{//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//生命队列chan.queueDeclare("fanout01", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("fanoutEx", "fanout");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("fanout01", "fanoutEx", "");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("fanout01",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("一号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}@Testpublic void receiv02() throws Exception{//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//生命队列chan.queueDeclare("fanout02", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("fanoutEx", "fanout");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("fanout02", "fanoutEx", "");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("fanout02",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("二号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}
4 routing路由模式
生产者发送消息到交换机,同时绑定一个路由Key,交换机根据路由key对下游绑定的队列进行路
由key的判断,满足路由key的队列才会接收到消息,消费者消费消息
应用场景: 项目中的error报错
案例:
public class RoutingTopicTest {@Testpublic void routingSend() throws Exception{//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明交换机//参数意义,1 交换机名称,2 类型:fanout,direct,topicchan.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");//发送消息String msg="路由模式的消息";chan.basicPublish("directEx", "jt1713", null, msg.getBytes());}@Testpublic void routingRec01() throws Exception{System.out.println("一号消费者等待接收消息");//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明队列chan.queueDeclare("direct01", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("direct01", "directEx", "jt1712");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("direct01",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("一号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}@Testpublic void routingRec02() throws Exception{System.out.println("二号消费者等待接收消息");//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明队列chan.queueDeclare("direct02", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("direct02", "directEx", "jt1711");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("direct02",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("二号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}
5 topic主题模式
*号代表单个词语
#代表多个词语
其他的内容与routing路由模式一致
案例:
public class RoutingTopicTest {@Testpublic void routingRec02() throws Exception{System.out.println("二号消费者等待接收消息");//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明队列chan.queueDeclare("direct02", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("directEx", "direct");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("direct02", "directEx", "jt1711");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("direct02",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("二号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}@Testpublic void topicSend() throws Exception{//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明交换机//参数意义,1 交换机名称,2 类型:fanout,direct,topicchan.exchangeDeclare("topicEx", "topic");//发送消息String msg="主题模式的消息";chan.basicPublish("topicEx", "jt1712.add.update", null, msg.getBytes());}@Testpublic void topicRec01() throws Exception{System.out.println("一号消费者等待接收消息");//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明队列chan.queueDeclare("topic01", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("topicEx", "topic");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("topic01", "topicEx", "jt1712");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("topic01",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("一号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}@Testpublic void topicRec02() throws Exception{System.out.println("二号消费者等待接收消息");//获取连接Connection conn = ConnectionUtil.getConn();Channel chan = conn.createChannel();//声明队列chan.queueDeclare("topic02", false, false, false, null);//声明交换机chan.exchangeDeclare("topicEx", "topic");//绑定队列到交换机//参数 1 队列名称,2 交换机名称 3 路由keychan.queueBind("topic02", "topicEx", "jt1712.#");chan.basicQos(1);//定义消费者QueueingConsumer consumer=new QueueingConsumer(chan);//消费者与队列绑定chan.basicConsume("topic02",false, consumer);while(true){Delivery delivery= consumer.nextDelivery();System.out.println("二号消费者接收到"+new String(delivery.getBody()));chan.basicAck(delivery.getEnvelope().getDeliveryTag(), false);}}
}