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计算机语言分类有很多，如C、C++、C#、Java、Php、Python等等，她们有各自的特性及擅长的领域，但她们各自又不是全能的。在一个稍微大型一点的项目都会用到多种语言共同完成，那么这些编程语言如何进行通信呢。什么意思呢，就是比如说我Java写的一个方法，其他编程语言要怎么去调用呢？这就是本文要探讨的问题了。

一般来说，方法层面的编程语言通信用的是网络接口形式，只暴露出形参和结果供别人调用。接口一般分为接口定义者和接口调用者，定义者可以规定接收参数的类型及返回形式，而接口定义者则只能完全按照接口定义者规定的参数进行访问。就叫是我们所说的webService(网络服务)。

以前的做法是利用XML作接口格式定义，然后通过Http做通讯和请求，如大名鼎鼎的SOAP，其实现在也是的，只不过现在流行RestFul风格的Rest接口形式，但用的还是XML+HTTP，那这两者有啥区别呢？最大的区别就是SOAP返回的主要是XML格式，有时还需要附带一些辅助文件，而Rest则还可以返回JSON类型的字符串，减少了很多繁乱的XML标签。本文就以Java为例，用她写一个接口，并让其他人去调用，以此来简单展示接口调用是怎么样一个过程。

步骤：

1、本机装有Java JDK运行环境及编程IDE（如Myeclipse)

2、建立一个maven项目，用以下载jar包，项目结构如下：

 

3 pom.xml文件内容如下：

 

1. <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

2. xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">

3. <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

4. <groupId>ws</groupId>

5. <artifactId>restful</artifactId>

6. <packaging>war</packaging>

7. <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

8. <name>restful-server</name>

9. <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

10. <properties>

11. <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>

12. <jersey.version>2.6</jersey.version>

13. <jersey-spring.version>2.23.1</jersey-spring.version>

14. <spring.version>4.2.7.RELEASE</spring.version>

15. <servlet-api-version>3.1.0</servlet-api-version>

16. <logback.version>1.1.1</logback.version>

17. <jcloverslf4j.version>1.7.6</jcloverslf4j.version>

18. </properties>

19. <dependencies>

20. <dependency>

21. <groupId>junit</groupId>

22. <artifactId>junit</artifactId>

23. <version>3.8.1</version>

24. <scope>test</scope>

25. </dependency>

26.  

27. <dependency>

28. <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.ext</groupId>

29. <artifactId>jersey-spring3</artifactId>

30. <version>${jersey-spring.version}</version>

31. <exclusions>

32. <exclusion>

33. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

34. <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

35. </exclusion>

36. <exclusion>

37. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

38. <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

39. </exclusion>

40. <exclusion>

41. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

42. <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>

43. </exclusion>

44. </exclusions>

45. </dependency>

46.  

47. <dependency>

48. <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>

49. <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet</artifactId>

50. <version>${jersey-spring.version}</version>

51. </dependency>

52. <dependency>

53. <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.containers</groupId>

54. <artifactId>jersey-container-servlet-core</artifactId>

55. <version>${jersey-spring.version}</version>

56. </dependency>

57.  

58. <dependency>

59. <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>

60. <artifactId>jersey-media-json-jackson</artifactId>

61. <version>${jersey.version}</version>

62. </dependency>

63. <dependency>

64. <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.media</groupId>

65. <artifactId>jersey-media-multipart</artifactId>

66. <version>${jersey.version}</version>

67. </dependency>

68. <dependency>

69. <groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.ext</groupId>

70. <artifactId>jersey-entity-filtering</artifactId>

71. <version>${jersey.version}</version>

72. </dependency>

73.  

74. <!-- Spring4.2 dependencies -->

75. <dependency>

76. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

77. <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

78. <version>${spring.version}</version>

79. </dependency>

80.  

81. <dependency>

82. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

83. <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

84. <version>${spring.version}</version>

85. </dependency>

86.  

87. <dependency>

88. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

89. <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

90. <version>${spring.version}</version>

91. </dependency>

92.  

93. <dependency>

94. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

95. <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

96. <version>${spring.version}</version>

97. </dependency>

98.  

99. <dependency>

100. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

101. <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>

102. <version>${spring.version}</version>

103. </dependency>

104. <dependency>

105. <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

106. <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>

107. <version>${spring.version}</version>

108. <scope>test</scope>

109. </dependency>

110.  

111. <dependency>

112. <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

113. <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>

114. <version>${servlet-api-version}</version>

115. <scope>provided</scope>

116. </dependency>

117.  

118. <!-- Logback dependencies -->

119. <dependency>

120. <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>

121. <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>

122. <version>${logback.version}</version>

123. </dependency>

124. <dependency>

125. <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>

126. <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>

127. <version>${jcloverslf4j.version}</version>

128. </dependency>

129.  

130. </dependencies>

131. <build>

132. <finalName>restful</finalName>

133. </build>

134. </project>

4 applicationContext.xml内容如下：

 

 

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

3. xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

4. xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

5. xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

6. xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

7. http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd">

8.  

9. <context:component-scan base-package="com.kendy.*"></context:component-scan>

10. </beans>

5 web.xml则主要配置采用的容器、日志管理及拦截器，拦截器可以实现到达请求郑涛之前进行身份认证，踢除没有访问资格的请求，而rest项目一般是用Jersey容器。配置如下：（kendy只是我的英文名，你们可以自己定义路径）

 

 

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

2. <web-app xmlns:javaee="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

3. <display-name></display-name>

4. <context-param>

5. <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>

6. <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>

7. </context-param>

8. <listener>

9. <listener-class>

10. org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener

11. </listener-class>

12. </listener>

13. <servlet>

14. <servlet-name>jersey-serlvet</servlet-name>

15. <servlet-class>

16. org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer

17. </servlet-class>

18. <init-param>

19. <param-name>javax.ws.rs.Application</param-name>

20. <param-value>com.kendy.filter.RestJaxRsApplication</param-value>

21. </init-param>

22. <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

23. </servlet>

24. <servlet-mapping>

25. <servlet-name>jersey-serlvet</servlet-name>

26. <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

27. </servlet-mapping>

28. </web-app>

 

 

6 拦截器如下：

 

1. import java.io.IOException;

2. import java.io.InputStream;

3. import java.util.List;

4. import java.util.Map.Entry;

5.  

6. import javax.ws.rs.WebApplicationException;

7. import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestContext;

8. import javax.ws.rs.container.ContainerRequestFilter;

9. import javax.ws.rs.core.MultivaluedMap;

10. import javax.ws.rs.core.Response.Status;

11. import javax.ws.rs.ext.Provider;

12.  

13. /**

14. * 拦截请求

15. */

16. @Provider

17. public class MyFilter implements ContainerRequestFilter {

18.  

19. @Override

20. public void filter(ContainerRequestContext context) throws IOException {

21.  

22. //打印出所有请求头

23. MultivaluedMap<String, String> map = context.getHeaders();

24. for(Entry<String, List<String>> entry : map.entrySet()){

25. String key = entry.getKey();

26. List<String> valueList = entry.getValue();

27. String values = valueList.toString();

28. System.out.println(key + ":"+values.substring(1,values.length()-1));

29. }

 

 

7 注册Jersey容器所要管理的类

 

1. import org.codehaus.jackson.jaxrs.JacksonJsonProvider;

2. import org.glassfish.jersey.server.ResourceConfig;

3.  

4. import com.kendy.restful.AccountManager;

5. import com.kendy.restful.AuthorityManager;

6. import com.kendy.restful.CardManager;

7. import com.kendy.restful.DeviceManager;

8. import com.kendy.restful.UserResource;

9.  

10. /**

11. * ${DESCRIPTION}

12. */

13. public class RestJaxRsApplication extends ResourceConfig {

14.  

15. /**

16. * Register JAX-RS application components.

17. */

18. public RestJaxRsApplication() {

19.  

20. //服务类所在的包路径

21. packages("com.kendy.*");

22.  

23. // register application resources

24. this.register(YouClass.class);

25.  

26. // register filters

27. this.register(MyFilter.class);

28. //this.register(RequestContextFilter.class);

29.  

30. register(JacksonJsonProvider.class);

31. //register(MultiPartFeature.class);

32. }

33. }

8 接口定义（Restful风格）

 

 

1. package com.kendy.restful;

2.  

3. import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;

4. import java.util.ArrayList;

5. import java.util.Date;

6. import java.util.HashMap;

7. import java.util.List;

8. import java.util.Map;

9.  

10. import javax.ws.rs.Consumes;

11. import javax.ws.rs.POST;

12. import javax.ws.rs.Path;

13. import javax.ws.rs.Produces;

14. import javax.ws.rs.core.MediaType;

15.  

16. import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

17.  

18. @Component

19. @Path("/CardManager")

20. public class CardManager {

21.  

22. private SimpleDateFormat sdf =new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");

23.  

24. @POST

25. @Path("size")

26. @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

27. @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

28. public Map<String,Object> size(){

29. Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<>();

30. //do something here

31. map.put("Size", 1024);

32. return map;

33. }

34.  

35. @POST

36. @Path("getDetail")

37. @Consumes(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

38. @Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)

39. public Map<String,List<Map<String,Object>>> getDetail(){

40. Map<String,List<Map<String,Object>>> map = new HashMap<>();

41. //do something here

42. List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<>();

43. Map<String,Object> subMap = new HashMap<>();

44. subMap.put("UUID", 10086);

45. subMap.put("CardID", 10081);

46. subMap.put("StartTime", sdf.format(new Date()));

47. subMap.put("EndTime", sdf.format(new Date()));

48. list.add(subMap);

49. map.put("Card", list);

50.  

51. return map;

52. }

53. }

9 调用接口，有多种方式，本文用HttpClient

 

 

1. /**

2. * 发送 post请求webService接口

3. * @param url 访问的接口地址

4. * @param account 用户名

5. * @param code 密码

6. * @param param 查询参数

7. * @return HttpResponse 该类包含请求方法的态码及返回的数据

8. */

9. public static HttpResponse post(String url,String account,String code,Map<String,Object> param) {

10. //创建HttpClient实例及Post方法

11. HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();

12. HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(url);

13. //对用户密码MD5加密

14. code = getMD5(code);

15. //添加相关请求头，依情况而定

16. httppost.setHeader("Authorization","WSSE profile=\"UsernameToken\"");

17. httppost.setHeader("X-WSSE","UsernameToken Username=\""+account+"\",PasswordDigest=\""+code+"\"");

18. httppost.addHeader("Content-type","application/json; charset=utf-8");

19. httppost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");

20. httppost.setHeader("Connection","keep-alive");

21. httppost.setHeader("Accept-Encoding","gzip");

22. httppost.setHeader("Accept-Language", "zh-CN,en,*");

23. httppost.setHeader("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0");

24. //传递请求参数

25. String paramJsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(param);

26. if(param != null)

27. httppost.setEntity(new StringEntity(paramJsonStr, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));

28. HttpResponse response = null;

29. try {

30. //执行post请求

31. response = httpclient.execute(httppost);

32. } catch (Exception e) {

33. e.printStackTrace();

34. }

35. return response;

36. }

10 返回接口

 

 

11 最后通过Map、List和Json工具对返回来的字面量进行各种处理。

 

1. /**

2. * 将从接口返回的JSON数据转换为实体集合等待插入数据表

3. * 实体 IgmAccessControlChannelModel --> IGM_ACCESSCONTROL_CHANNEL

4. * IgmStationDoorModel --> IGM_STATION_DOOR

5. */

6. @SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })

7. private Map<String,Object> getDeviceEntityList(String data){

8. Map<String,Object> totalMap = new HashMap<>();

9. //把以下三个结果放到totalMap里返回

10. List<IgmAccessControlChannelModel> accessControlList = new ArrayList<>();

11. List<IgmStationDoorModel> doorList = new ArrayList<>();

12. List<String> deviceIds = new ArrayList<>();

13.  

14. IgmAccessControlChannelModel accessControlModel = null;

15. IgmStationDoorModel stationDoorModel = null;

16.  

17. Map map = JSON.parseObject(data, Map.class);

18. map = (Map<String,List<Map<String,Object>>>)map;

19. List<Map<String,Object>> deviceList = (List<Map<String, Object>>) map.get("Device");

20.  

21. for(Map<String,Object> deviceMap : deviceList){

22. String deviceId = (String)(deviceMap.get("DeviceID")+"");

23. Object channels = deviceMap.get("Channels");

24. List<Map<String,Object>> channelList = (List<Map<String,Object>>)channels;

25.  

26. String id = ""; //用于设置igmaccessControlchannel表和igmstationDoor表的stationDoorid

27. //判断该门禁设备ID在本平台是否匹配

28. boolean isMatched = isDeviceIdMatched(deviceId);

29.  

30. if(isMatched){

31. for(Map<String,Object> chnnelMap : channelList){

32. accessControlModel = new IgmAccessControlChannelModel();

33. stationDoorModel = new IgmStationDoorModel();

34. for(Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : chnnelMap.entrySet()){

35. String key = entry.getKey().trim();

36. String value = "";

37. if(key.equals("Channel")){

38. value =(Integer)entry.getValue()+"";

39. }else{

40. value = (String)entry.getValue();

41. }

42.  

43. switch(key){

44. case "Channel":

45. accessControlModel.setCommandCode(Integer.parseInt(value));

46. accessControlModel.setControlChannelName("控制通道"+value);

47. stationDoorModel.setDoorCode(value);

48. break;

49. case "Description":

50. stationDoorModel.setStationDoorName(value);

51. break;

52. default: break;

53. }

54. }

55. id = UUID.randomUUID().toString();

56.  

57. accessControlModel.setAccessControlChannelId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());

58. accessControlModel.setDeviceId(deviceId);

59. accessControlModel.setStationDoorId(id);

60.  

61. stationDoorModel.setStationDoorId(id);

62. stationDoorModel.setDeviceId(deviceId);

63. stationDoorModel.setRemark("指纹门禁");

64.  

65. accessControlList.add(accessControlModel);

66. doorList.add(stationDoorModel);

67. }

68. deviceIds.add(deviceId);

69. }else{

70. //deviceId不匹配的跳过

71. }

72. }