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昨晚与朋友讨论质量保证（QA）与质量控制（QC）的概念差别，之所以要讨论这个问题，涉及到了在公司内关于质量保证活动的职责分配问题，涉及到了质量保证人员的配备的问题，因此具有一定的实践意义。

先来看在CMMI模型中的相关描述：

1 质量保证的定义：

A planned and systematic means for assuring management that the defined standards, practices, procedures, and methods of the process are applied.[参见模型562页]

 

2 质量控制的定义：

The operational techniques and activities that are used to fulfill requirements for quality. (See also “quality assurance.”)[ 参见模型562页]



3 对PPQA的概述：

The Process and Product Quality Assurance process area supports all process areas by providing specific practices for objectively evaluating performed processes, work products, and services against the applicable process descriptions, standards, and procedures, and ensuring that any issues arising from these reviews are addressed. Process and Product Quality Assurance supports the delivery of high-quality products and services by providing the project staff and all levels of managers with appropriate visibility into, and feedback on, the processes and associated work products throughout the life of the project. [参见模型68页]

这段描述在模型中重复出现多次。



4 PPQA与VER的关系：

The practices in the Process and Product Quality Assurance process area ensure that planned processes are implemented, while the practices in the Verification process area ensure that the specified requirements are satisfied. These two process areas may on occasion address the same work product but from different perspectives. Projects should take advantage of the overlap in order to minimize duplication of effort while taking care to maintain the separate perspectives.[参见模型355页]



再来看在ISO 9000：2000中对质量保证的定义：

3.2.8 质量管理 quality management

在质量（3.1.1）方面指挥和控制组织（3.3.1）的协调的活动。

注：在质量方面的指挥和控制活动，通常包括制定质量方针（3.2.4）和质量目标（3.2.5）以及质量策划（3.2.9）、质量控制（3.2.10）、质量保证（3.2.11）和质量改进（3.2.12）。

3.2.10 质量控制 quality contorl

质量管理（3.2.8）的一部分，致力于满足质量要求（3.1.2）。

3.2.11 质量保证 quality assurance

质量管理（3.2.8）的一部分，致力于提供质量要求（3.1.2）会得到满足的信任。

3.4.2 产品 product

过程（3.4.1）的结果

注3：质量保证（3.2.11）主要关注预期的产品。



基于上述的模型与标准的描述，结合我的实践，通俗归纳如下的表格，仅供理解时参考：