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我们希望当程序运行时自动完成数据库的创建并预置初始值。自己的Context名为 DataBaseContet

有两种方法：

1、在Global.asax中添加  Database.SetInitializer<DataBaseContext>(new DatabaseInitializer());

2、配置文件中添加 contexts 节点， 节点中指定类名与命名空间

<entityFramework><contexts><context type="DataBase.DataBaseContext, DataBase" disableDatabaseInitialization="false"><databaseInitializer type="DataBase.DatabaseInitializer, DataBase" /></context></contexts><defaultConnectionFactory type="DataBase.DataBaseContext, DataBase"><parameters><parameter value="v11.0" /></parameters></defaultConnectionFactory><providers><provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" /></providers></entityFramework>

其中 DataBaseContext为：

namespace DataBase
{public class DataBaseContext : DbContext{public DataBaseContext(): base("default"){//是否启用延迟加载:  //  true:   延迟加载（Lazy Loading）：获取实体时不会加载其导航属性，一旦用到导航属性就会自动加载  //  false:  直接加载（Eager loading）：通过 Include 之类的方法显示加载导航属性，获取实体时会即时加载通过 Include 指定的导航属性  this.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = true;this.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;  //自动监测变化，默认值为 true  
        }protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder){base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);}public DbSet<UserModels> UserContext { get; set; }public DbSet<PigModels> PigContext { get; set; }}
}

自定义的数据初始化方法：DatabaseInitializer，其中继承的是DropCreateDatabaseAlways 只为演示用, 实际项目中根据需要选择。

namespace DataBase
{public class DatabaseInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<DataBaseContext>{protected override void Seed(DataBaseContext context){UserModels m1 = new UserModels(){UserGUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),UserName = "张一",UserNumber = "0001",UserBirthDay = "1990.1.1",UserMail = "aaa@qq.com",UserPhone = "13100001111",Password="aaaaaa"};UserModels m2 = new UserModels(){UserGUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),UserName = "张二",UserNumber = "0002",UserBirthDay = "1989.12.12",UserMail = "bbb@qq.com",UserPhone = "13100002222",Password = "aaaaaa"};UserModels m3 = new UserModels(){UserGUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),UserName = "张三",UserNumber = "0003",UserBirthDay = "1989.12.12",UserMail = "ccc@qq.com",UserPhone = "13100003333",Password = "aaaaaa"};try { // 写数据库 
context.UserContext.Add(m1);context.UserContext.Add(m2);context.UserContext.Add(m3);context.SaveChanges();}catch (DbEntityValidationException dbEx) { }base.Seed(context);}}
}

 

具体步骤：

首先通过NuGet工具安装EntityFramework,本人用的为6.0版本。

1、建立实体类：

namespace DatabaseModels
{public class UserModels{[Required][Key]public string UserGUID { get; set; }[Required][Display(Name = "用户名")]public string  UserName { get; set; }[Display(Name = "用户工号")]public string UserNumber { get; set; }[Required][DataType(DataType.Password)][Display(Name = "密码")]public string Password { get; set; }[Display(Name = "出生日期")]public string UserBirthDay { get; set; }[Display(Name = "电话号")]public string UserPhone { get; set; }[Display(Name = "邮箱")]public string UserMail { get; set; }}
}

 2、建立Context 继承 DbContext

namespace DataBase
{public class DataBaseContext : DbContext{public DataBaseContext(): base("default"){//是否启用延迟加载:  //  true:   延迟加载（Lazy Loading）：获取实体时不会加载其导航属性，一旦用到导航属性就会自动加载  //  false:  直接加载（Eager loading）：通过 Include 之类的方法显示加载导航属性，获取实体时会即时加载通过 Include 指定的导航属性  this.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = true;this.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = true;  //自动监测变化，默认值为 true  }protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder){base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);}public DbSet<UserModels> UserContext { get; set; }}
}

 3、创建数据初始方法

namespace DataBase
{public class DatabaseInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseAlways<DataBaseContext>{protected override void Seed(DataBaseContext context){UserModels m1 = new UserModels(){UserGUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),UserName = "张一",UserNumber = "0001",UserBirthDay = "1990.1.1",UserMail = "aaa@qq.com",UserPhone = "13100001111",Password="aaaaaa"};UserModels m2 = new UserModels(){UserGUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),UserName = "张二",UserNumber = "0002",UserBirthDay = "1989.12.12",UserMail = "bbb@qq.com",UserPhone = "13100002222",Password = "aaaaaa"};UserModels m3 = new UserModels(){UserGUID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(),UserName = "张三",UserNumber = "0003",UserBirthDay = "1989.12.12",UserMail = "ccc@qq.com",UserPhone = "13100003333",Password = "aaaaaa"};try { // 写数据库 
context.UserContext.Add(m1);context.UserContext.Add(m2);context.UserContext.Add(m3);context.SaveChanges();}catch (DbEntityValidationException dbEx) { }base.Seed(context);}}
}

4、

方法一、在Global.asax中 添加 Database.SetInitializer<DataBaseContext>(new DatabaseInitializer());

或者：方法二：在配置文件中添加节点：

<contexts><context type="DataBase.DataBaseContext, DataBase" disableDatabaseInitialization="false"><databaseInitializer type="DataBase.DatabaseInitializer, DataBase" /></context></contexts>