京东网站设计的特点/2023年新闻摘抄十条
在上一篇文章中，我们分析了Android系统进程间通信机制Binder中的Server在启动过程使用Service Manager的addService接口把自己添加到Service Manager守护过程中接受管理。在这一篇文章中，我们将深入到Binder驱动程序源代码去分析Client是如何通过Service Manager的getService接口中来获得Server远程接口的。Client只有获得了Server的远程接口之后，才能进一步调用Server提供的服务。
这里，我们仍然是通过Android系统中自带的多媒体播放器为例子来说明Client是如何通过IServiceManager::getService接口来获得MediaPlayerService这个Server的远程接口的。假设计读者已经阅读过前面三篇文章浅谈Service Manager成为Android进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder守护进程之路、浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路和Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析，即假设Service Manager和MediaPlayerService已经启动完毕，Service Manager现在等待Client的请求。
这里，我们要举例子说明的Client便是MediaPlayer了，它声明和实现在frameworks/base/include/media/mediaplayer.h和frameworks/base/media/libmedia/mediaplayer.cpp文件中。MediaPlayer继承于IMediaDeathNotifier类，这个类声明和实现在frameworks/base/include/media/IMediaDeathNotifier.h和frameworks/base/media/libmedia//IMediaDeathNotifier.cpp文件中，里面有一个静态成员函数getMeidaPlayerService，它通过IServiceManager::getService接口来获得MediaPlayerService的远程接口。
在介绍IMediaDeathNotifier::getMeidaPlayerService函数之前，我们先了解一下这个函数的目标。看来前面浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路这篇文章的读者知道，我们在获取Service Manager远程接口时，最终是获得了一个BpServiceManager对象的IServiceManager接口。类似地，我们要获得MediaPlayerService的远程接口，实际上就是要获得一个称为BpMediaPlayerService对象的IMediaPlayerService接口。现在，我们就先来看一下BpMediaPlayerService的类图：
从这个类图可以看到，BpMediaPlayerService继承于BpInterface<IMediaPlayerService>类，即BpMediaPlayerService继承了IMediaPlayerService类和BpRefBase类，这两个类又分别继续了RefBase类。BpRefBase类有一个成员变量mRemote，它的类型为IBinder，实际是一个BpBinder对象。BpBinder类使用了IPCThreadState类来与Binder驱动程序进行交互，而IPCThreadState类有一个成员变量mProcess，它的类型为ProcessState，IPCThreadState类借助ProcessState类来打开Binder设备文件/dev/binder，因此，它可以和Binder驱动程序进行交互。
BpMediaPlayerService的构造函数有一个参数impl，它的类型为const sp<IBinder>&，从上面的描述中，这个实际上就是一个BpBinder对象。这样，要创建一个BpMediaPlayerService对象，首先就要有一个BpBinder对象。再来看BpBinder类的构造函数，它有一个参数handle，类型为int32_t，这个参数的意义就是请求MediaPlayerService这个远程接口的进程对MediaPlayerService这个Binder实体的引用了。因此，获取MediaPlayerService这个远程接口的本质问题就变为从Service Manager中获得MediaPlayerService的一个句柄了。
现在，我们就来看一下IMediaDeathNotifier::getMeidaPlayerService的实现：
// establish binder interface to MediaPlayerService
/*static*/const sp<IMediaPlayerService>&
IMediaDeathNotifier::getMediaPlayerService()
{LOGV("getMediaPlayerService");Mutex::Autolock _l(sServiceLock);if (sMediaPlayerService.get() == 0) {sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();sp<IBinder> binder;do {binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));if (binder != 0) {break;}LOGW("Media player service not published, waiting...");usleep(500000); // 0.5 s} while(true);if (sDeathNotifier == NULL) {sDeathNotifier = new DeathNotifier();}binder->linkToDeath(sDeathNotifier);sMediaPlayerService = interface_cast<IMediaPlayerService>(binder);}LOGE_IF(sMediaPlayerService == 0, "no media player service!?");return sMediaPlayerService;
}
sp<IServiceManager> sm = defaultServiceManager();sp<IServiceManager> sm = new BpServiceManager(new BpBinder(0)); 接下去的while循环是通过sm->getService接口来不断尝试获得名称为“media.player”的Service，即MediaPlayerService。为什么要通过这无穷循环来得MediaPlayerService呢？因为这时候MediaPlayerService可能还没有启动起来，所以这里如果发现取回来的binder接口为NULL，就睡眠0.5秒，然后再尝试获取，这是获取Service接口的标准做法。
我们来看一下BpServiceManager::getService的实现：
class BpServiceManager : public BpInterface<IServiceManager>
{......virtual sp<IBinder> getService(const String16& name) const{unsigned n;for (n = 0; n < 5; n++){sp<IBinder> svc = checkService(name);if (svc != NULL) return svc;LOGI("Waiting for service %s...\n", String8(name).string());sleep(1);}return NULL;}virtual sp<IBinder> checkService( const String16& name) const{Parcel data, reply;data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());data.writeString16(name);remote()->transact(CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);return reply.readStrongBinder();}......
};在BpServiceManager::checkService中，首先是通过Parcel::writeInterfaceToken往data写入一个RPC头，这个我们在Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析一文已经介绍过了，就是写往data里面写入了一个整数和一个字符串“android.os.IServiceManager”， Service Manager来处理CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION请求之前，会先验证一下这个RPC头，看看是否正确。接着再往data写入一个字符串name，这里就是“media.player”了。回忆一下Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析这篇文章，那里已经往Service Manager中注册了一个名字为“media.player”的MediaPlayerService。
这里的remote()返回的是一个BpBinder，具体可以参考浅谈Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server和Client获得Service Manager接口之路一文，于是，就进行到BpBinder::transact函数了：
status_t BpBinder::transact(uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{// Once a binder has died, it will never come back to life.if (mAlive) {status_t status = IPCThreadState::self()->transact(mHandle, code, data, reply, flags);if (status == DEAD_OBJECT) mAlive = 0;return status;}return DEAD_OBJECT;
}这里的mHandle = 0，code =CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION，flags = 0。
这里再进入到IPCThread::transact函数中：
status_t IPCThreadState::transact(int32_t handle,uint32_t code, const Parcel& data,Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags)
{status_t err = data.errorCheck();flags |= TF_ACCEPT_FDS;IF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);alog << "BC_TRANSACTION thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / hand "<< handle << " / code " << TypeCode(code) << ": "<< indent << data << dedent << endl;}if (err == NO_ERROR) {LOG_ONEWAY(">>>> SEND from pid %d uid %d %s", getpid(), getuid(),(flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0 ? "READ REPLY" : "ONE WAY");err = writeTransactionData(BC_TRANSACTION, flags, handle, code, data, NULL);}if (err != NO_ERROR) {if (reply) reply->setError(err);return (mLastError = err);}if ((flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0) {#if 0if (code == 4) { // relayoutLOGI(">>>>>> CALLING transaction 4");} else {LOGI(">>>>>> CALLING transaction %d", code);}#endifif (reply) {err = waitForResponse(reply);} else {Parcel fakeReply;err = waitForResponse(&fakeReply);}#if 0if (code == 4) { // relayoutLOGI("<<<<<< RETURNING transaction 4");} else {LOGI("<<<<<< RETURNING transaction %d", code);}#endifIF_LOG_TRANSACTIONS() {TextOutput::Bundle _b(alog);alog << "BR_REPLY thr " << (void*)pthread_self() << " / hand "<< handle << ": ";if (reply) alog << indent << *reply << dedent << endl;else alog << "(none requested)" << endl;}} else {err = waitForResponse(NULL, NULL);}return err;
}status_t IPCThreadState::writeTransactionData(int32_t cmd, uint32_t binderFlags,int32_t handle, uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, status_t* statusBuffer)
{binder_transaction_data tr;tr.target.handle = handle;tr.code = code;tr.flags = binderFlags;const status_t err = data.errorCheck();if (err == NO_ERROR) {tr.data_size = data.ipcDataSize();tr.data.ptr.buffer = data.ipcData();tr.offsets_size = data.ipcObjectsCount()*sizeof(size_t);tr.data.ptr.offsets = data.ipcObjects();} else if (statusBuffer) {tr.flags |= TF_STATUS_CODE;*statusBuffer = err;tr.data_size = sizeof(status_t);tr.data.ptr.buffer = statusBuffer;tr.offsets_size = 0;tr.data.ptr.offsets = NULL;} else {return (mLastError = err);}mOut.writeInt32(cmd);mOut.write(&tr, sizeof(tr));return NO_ERROR;
}writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() | STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
writeString16("android.os.IServiceManager");
writeString16("media.player");
// Note: must be kept in sync with android/os/StrictMode.java's PENALTY_GATHER
#define STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER 0x100回到IPCThread::transact函数中，由于(flags & TF_ONE_WAY) == 0为true，即这是一个同步请求，并且reply != NULL，最终调用：
err = waitForResponse(reply);status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{int32_t cmd;int32_t err;while (1) {if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break;err = mIn.errorCheck();if (err < NO_ERROR) break;if (mIn.dataAvail() == 0) continue;cmd = mIn.readInt32();IF_LOG_COMMANDS() {alog << "Processing waitForResponse Command: "<< getReturnString(cmd) << endl;}switch (cmd) {case BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE:if (!reply && !acquireResult) goto finish;break;case BR_DEAD_REPLY:err = DEAD_OBJECT;goto finish;case BR_FAILED_REPLY:err = FAILED_TRANSACTION;goto finish;case BR_ACQUIRE_RESULT:{LOG_ASSERT(acquireResult != NULL, "Unexpected brACQUIRE_RESULT");const int32_t result = mIn.readInt32();if (!acquireResult) continue;*acquireResult = result ? NO_ERROR : INVALID_OPERATION;}goto finish;case BR_REPLY:{binder_transaction_data tr;err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));LOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY");if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;if (reply) {if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) {reply->ipcSetDataReference(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),tr.data_size,reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t),freeBuffer, this);} else {err = *static_cast<const status_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer);freeBuffer(NULL,reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),tr.data_size,reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);}} else {freeBuffer(NULL,reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),tr.data_size,reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), this);continue;}}goto finish;default:err = executeCommand(cmd);if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish;break;}}finish:if (err != NO_ERROR) {if (acquireResult) *acquireResult = err;if (reply) reply->setError(err);mLastError = err;}return err;
}status_t IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver(bool doReceive)
{LOG_ASSERT(mProcess->mDriverFD >= 0, "Binder driver is not opened");binder_write_read bwr;// Is the read buffer empty?const bool needRead = mIn.dataPosition() >= mIn.dataSize();// We don't want to write anything if we are still reading// from data left in the input buffer and the caller// has requested to read the next data.const size_t outAvail = (!doReceive || needRead) ? mOut.dataSize() : 0;bwr.write_size = outAvail;bwr.write_buffer = (long unsigned int)mOut.data();// This is what we'll read.if (doReceive && needRead) {bwr.read_size = mIn.dataCapacity();bwr.read_buffer = (long unsigned int)mIn.data();} else {bwr.read_size = 0;}......// Return immediately if there is nothing to do.if ((bwr.write_size == 0) && (bwr.read_size == 0)) return NO_ERROR;bwr.write_consumed = 0;bwr.read_consumed = 0;status_t err;do {......
#if defined(HAVE_ANDROID_OS)if (ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr) >= 0)err = NO_ERROR;elseerr = -errno;
#elseerr = INVALID_OPERATION;
#endif......} while (err == -EINTR);......if (err >= NO_ERROR) {if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);elsemOut.setDataSize(0);}if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);mIn.setDataPosition(0);}......return NO_ERROR;}return err;
}ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr)Binder驱动程序的binder_ioctl函数中，我们只关注BINDER_WRITE_READ命令相关的逻辑：
static long binder_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{int ret;struct binder_proc *proc = filp->private_data;struct binder_thread *thread;unsigned int size = _IOC_SIZE(cmd);void __user *ubuf = (void __user *)arg;/*printk(KERN_INFO "binder_ioctl: %d:%d %x %lx\n", proc->pid, current->pid, cmd, arg);*/ret = wait_event_interruptible(binder_user_error_wait, binder_stop_on_user_error < 2);if (ret)return ret;mutex_lock(&binder_lock);thread = binder_get_thread(proc);if (thread == NULL) {ret = -ENOMEM;goto err;}switch (cmd) {case BINDER_WRITE_READ: {struct binder_write_read bwr;if (size != sizeof(struct binder_write_read)) {ret = -EINVAL;goto err;}if (copy_from_user(&bwr, ubuf, sizeof(bwr))) {ret = -EFAULT;goto err;}if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE)printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d write %ld at %08lx, read %ld at %08lx\n",proc->pid, thread->pid, bwr.write_size, bwr.write_buffer, bwr.read_size, bwr.read_buffer);if (bwr.write_size > 0) {ret = binder_thread_write(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.write_buffer, bwr.write_size, &bwr.write_consumed);if (ret < 0) {bwr.read_consumed = 0;if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))ret = -EFAULT;goto err;}}if (bwr.read_size > 0) {ret = binder_thread_read(proc, thread, (void __user *)bwr.read_buffer, bwr.read_size, &bwr.read_consumed, filp->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK);if (!list_empty(&proc->todo))wake_up_interruptible(&proc->wait);if (ret < 0) {if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr)))ret = -EFAULT;goto err;}}if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_READ_WRITE)printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d wrote %ld of %ld, read return %ld of %ld\n",proc->pid, thread->pid, bwr.write_consumed, bwr.write_size, bwr.read_consumed, bwr.read_size);if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {ret = -EFAULT;goto err;}break;}......default:ret = -EINVAL;goto err;}ret = 0;
err:......return ret;
}这里的thread本地变量表示当前线程上下文信息，通过binder_get_thread函数获得。在前面执行ProcessState构造函数时，也会通过ioctl文件操作函数进入到这个函数，那是第一次进入到binder_ioctl这里，因此，调用binder_get_thread时，表示当前进程上下文信息的proc变量还没有关于当前线程的上下文信息，因此，会为proc创建一个表示当前线程上下文信息的thread，会保存在proc->threads表示的红黑树结构中。这里调用binder_get_thread就可以直接从proc找到并返回了。
进入到BINDER_WRITE_READ相关的逻辑。先看看BINDER_WRITE_READ的定义：
#define BINDER_WRITE_READ _IOWR('b', 1, struct binder_write_read)struct binder_write_read {signed long write_size; /* bytes to write */signed long write_consumed; /* bytes consumed by driver */unsigned long write_buffer;signed long read_size; /* bytes to read */signed long read_consumed; /* bytes consumed by driver */unsigned long read_buffer;
};从上面的调用过程，我们知道，这里bwr.write_size是大于0的，因此进入到binder_thread_write函数中，我们只关注BC_TRANSACTION相关的逻辑：
int
binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)
{uint32_t cmd;void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;void __user *end = buffer + size;while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) {if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) {binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++;}switch (cmd) {......case BC_TRANSACTION:case BC_REPLY: {struct binder_transaction_data tr;if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr)))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(tr);binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd == BC_REPLY);break;}......default:printk(KERN_ERR "binder: %d:%d unknown command %d\n", proc->pid, thread->pid, cmd);return -EINVAL;}*consumed = ptr - buffer;}return 0;
}接着进入到binder_transaction函数中，不相关的代码我们忽略掉：
static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
{struct binder_transaction *t;struct binder_work *tcomplete;size_t *offp, *off_end;struct binder_proc *target_proc;struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;struct list_head *target_list;wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;uint32_t return_error;.......if (reply) {......} else {if (tr->target.handle) {......} else {target_node = binder_context_mgr_node;if (target_node == NULL) {return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;goto err_no_context_mgr_node;}}......target_proc = target_node->proc;if (target_proc == NULL) {return_error = BR_DEAD_REPLY;goto err_dead_binder;}if (!(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY) && thread->transaction_stack) {......}}if (target_thread) {......} else {target_list = &target_proc->todo;target_wait = &target_proc->wait;}....../* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);if (t == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_alloc_t_failed;}binder_stats.obj_created[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);if (tcomplete == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;}binder_stats.obj_created[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE]++;t->debug_id = ++binder_last_id;......if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))t->from = thread;elset->from = NULL;t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;t->to_proc = target_proc;t->to_thread = target_thread;t->code = tr->code;t->flags = tr->flags;t->priority = task_nice(current);t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));if (t->buffer == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;}t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;t->buffer->transaction = t;t->buffer->target_node = target_node;if (target_node)binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {......return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_copy_data_failed;}......if (reply) {......} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);t->need_reply = 1;t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;thread->transaction_stack = t;} else {......}t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);if (target_wait)wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);return;......
}前面我们提到，传给驱动程序的handle值为0，即这里的tr->target.handle = 0，表示请求的目标Binder对象是Service Manager，因此有：
target_node = binder_context_mgr_node;
target_proc = target_node->proc;
target_list = &target_proc->todo;
target_wait = &target_proc->wait;其中binder_context_mgr_node是在Service Manager通知Binder驱动程序它是守护过程时创建的。
接着创建一个待完成事项tcomplete，它的类型为struct binder_work，这是等一会要保存在当前线程的todo队列去的，表示当前线程有一个待完成的事务。紧跟着创建一个待处理事务t，它的类型为struct binder_transaction，这是等一会要存在到Service Manager的todo队列去的，表示Service Manager当前有一个事务需要处理。同时，这个待处理事务t也要存放在当前线程的待完成事务transaction_stack列表中去：
t->from_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
thread->transaction_stack = t;继续往下看，就是分别把tcomplete和t放在当前线程thread和Service Manager进程的todo队列去了：
t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;
list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);
tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;
list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);这里，我们暂时忽略Service Manager被唤醒之后的情景，继续看当前线程的执行。
函数binder_transaction执行完成之后，就一路返回到binder_ioctl函数里去了。函数binder_ioctl从binder_thread_write函数调用处返回后，发现bwr.read_size大于0，于是就进入到binder_thread_read函数去了：
static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;void __user *end = buffer + size;int ret = 0;int wait_for_proc_work;if (*consumed == 0) {if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);}retry:wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);......if (wait_for_proc_work) {......} else {if (non_block) {if (!binder_has_thread_work(thread))ret = -EAGAIN;} elseret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));}......while (1) {uint32_t cmd;struct binder_transaction_data tr;struct binder_work *w;struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);else {if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */goto retry;break;}if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)break;switch (w->type) {......case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: {cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);binder_stat_br(proc, thread, cmd);if (binder_debug_mask & BINDER_DEBUG_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE)printk(KERN_INFO "binder: %d:%d BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE\n",proc->pid, thread->pid);list_del(&w->entry);kfree(w);binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE]++;} break;......}if (!t)continue;......}done:......return 0;
}回忆一下上面的binder_transaction函数，这里的thread->transaction_stack != NULL，并且thread->todo也不为空，所以线程不会进入休眠状态。
进入while循环中，首先是从thread->todo队列中取回待处理事项w，w的类型为BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE，这也是在binder_transaction函数里面设置的。对BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE的处理也很简单，只是把一个操作码BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE写回到用户传进来的缓冲区中去。这时候，用户传进来的缓冲区就包含两个操作码了，分别是BR_NOOP和BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE。
binder_thread_read执行完之后，返回到binder_ioctl函数中，将操作结果写回到用户空间中去：
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {ret = -EFAULT;goto err;
}IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver函数从下面语句：
ioctl(mProcess->mDriverFD, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr)if (bwr.write_consumed > 0) {if (bwr.write_consumed < (ssize_t)mOut.dataSize())mOut.remove(0, bwr.write_consumed);elsemOut.setDataSize(0);
}if (bwr.read_consumed > 0) {mIn.setDataSize(bwr.read_consumed);mIn.setDataPosition(0);
}这里属于后一种情况，于是再次通过IPCThreadState::talkWithDriver进入到Binder驱动程序的binder_ioctl函数中。不过这一次在binder_ioctl函数中，bwr.write_size等于0，而bwr.read_size大于0，于是再次进入到binder_thread_read函数中。这时候thread->transaction_stack仍然不为NULL，不过thread->todo队列已经为空了，因为前面我们已经处理过thread->todo队列的内容了，于是就通过下面语句：
ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));现在，我们终于可以回到Service Manager被唤醒之后的过程了。前面我们说过，Service Manager此时正在binder_thread_read函数中休眠中：
static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed;void __user *end = buffer + size;int ret = 0;int wait_for_proc_work;if (*consumed == 0) {if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);}retry:wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo);......if (wait_for_proc_work) {......if (non_block) {if (!binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread))ret = -EAGAIN;} elseret = wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(proc->wait, binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread));} else {......}......while (1) {uint32_t cmd;struct binder_transaction_data tr;struct binder_work *w;struct binder_transaction *t = NULL;if (!list_empty(&thread->todo))w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry);else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work)w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry);else {if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */goto retry;break;}if (end - ptr < sizeof(tr) + 4)break;switch (w->type) {case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: {t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);} break;......}if (!t)continue;BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL);if (t->buffer->target_node) {struct binder_node *target_node = t->buffer->target_node;tr.target.ptr = target_node->ptr;tr.cookie = target_node->cookie;t->saved_priority = task_nice(current);if (t->priority < target_node->min_priority &&!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))binder_set_nice(t->priority);else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY) ||t->saved_priority > target_node->min_priority)binder_set_nice(target_node->min_priority);cmd = BR_TRANSACTION;} else {......}tr.code = t->code;tr.flags = t->flags;tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid;if (t->from) {struct task_struct *sender = t->from->proc->tsk;tr.sender_pid = task_tgid_nr_ns(sender, current->nsproxy->pid_ns);} else {......}tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size;tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size;tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))return -EFAULT;ptr += sizeof(tr);......list_del(&t->work.entry);t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1;if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;t->to_thread = thread;thread->transaction_stack = t;} else {......}break;}done:*consumed = ptr - buffer;......return 0;
}ret = wait_event_interruptible_exclusive(proc->wait, binder_has_proc_work(proc, thread));t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work);if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr))return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(uint32_t);
if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr)))return -EFAULT;
ptr += sizeof(tr);tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset;
tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *));list_del(&t->work.entry);t->to_parent = thread->transaction_stack;
t->to_thread = thread;
thread->transaction_stack = t;这样，binder_thread_read函数就处理完了，回到binder_ioctl函数中，同样是操作结果写回到用户空间的缓冲区中去：
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) {ret = -EFAULT;goto err;
}void binder_loop(struct binder_state *bs, binder_handler func)
{int res;struct binder_write_read bwr;unsigned readbuf[32];bwr.write_size = 0;bwr.write_consumed = 0;bwr.write_buffer = 0;readbuf[0] = BC_ENTER_LOOPER;binder_write(bs, readbuf, sizeof(unsigned));for (;;) {bwr.read_size = sizeof(readbuf);bwr.read_consumed = 0;bwr.read_buffer = (unsigned) readbuf;res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);if (res < 0) {LOGE("binder_loop: ioctl failed (%s)\n", strerror(errno));break;}res = binder_parse(bs, 0, readbuf, bwr.read_consumed, func);if (res == 0) {LOGE("binder_loop: unexpected reply?!\n");break;}if (res < 0) {LOGE("binder_loop: io error %d %s\n", res, strerror(errno));break;}}
}res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);int binder_parse(struct binder_state *bs, struct binder_io *bio,uint32_t *ptr, uint32_t size, binder_handler func)
{int r = 1;uint32_t *end = ptr + (size / 4);while (ptr < end) {uint32_t cmd = *ptr++;switch(cmd) {......case BR_TRANSACTION: {struct binder_txn *txn = (void *) ptr;......if (func) {unsigned rdata[256/4];struct binder_io msg;struct binder_io reply;int res;bio_init(&reply, rdata, sizeof(rdata), 4);bio_init_from_txn(&msg, txn);res = func(bs, txn, &msg, &reply);binder_send_reply(bs, &reply, txn->data, res);}ptr += sizeof(*txn) / sizeof(uint32_t);break;}......default:LOGE("parse: OOPS %d\n", cmd);return -1;}}return r;
}这里用到的两个数据结构struct binder_txn和struct binder_io可以参考前面一篇文章Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析，这里就不复述了。
接着往下看，函数调bio_init来初始化reply变量：
void bio_init(struct binder_io *bio, void *data,uint32_t maxdata, uint32_t maxoffs)
{uint32_t n = maxoffs * sizeof(uint32_t);if (n > maxdata) {bio->flags = BIO_F_OVERFLOW;bio->data_avail = 0;bio->offs_avail = 0;return;}bio->data = bio->data0 = data + n;bio->offs = bio->offs0 = data;bio->data_avail = maxdata - n;bio->offs_avail = maxoffs;bio->flags = 0;
}void bio_init_from_txn(struct binder_io *bio, struct binder_txn *txn)
{bio->data = bio->data0 = txn->data;bio->offs = bio->offs0 = txn->offs;bio->data_avail = txn->data_size;bio->offs_avail = txn->offs_size / 4;bio->flags = BIO_F_SHARED;
}int svcmgr_handler(struct binder_state *bs,struct binder_txn *txn,struct binder_io *msg,struct binder_io *reply)
{struct svcinfo *si;uint16_t *s;unsigned len;void *ptr;uint32_t strict_policy;// LOGI("target=%p code=%d pid=%d uid=%d\n",
// txn->target, txn->code, txn->sender_pid, txn->sender_euid);if (txn->target != svcmgr_handle)return -1;// Equivalent to Parcel::enforceInterface(), reading the RPC// header with the strict mode policy mask and the interface name.// Note that we ignore the strict_policy and don't propagate it// further (since we do no outbound RPCs anyway).strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);if ((len != (sizeof(svcmgr_id) / 2)) ||memcmp(svcmgr_id, s, sizeof(svcmgr_id))) {fprintf(stderr,"invalid id %s\n", str8(s));return -1;}switch(txn->code) {case SVC_MGR_GET_SERVICE:case SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE:s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);ptr = do_find_service(bs, s, len);if (!ptr)break;bio_put_ref(reply, ptr);return 0;......}default:LOGE("unknown code %d\n", txn->code);return -1;}bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);return 0;
}回忆一下，在BpServiceManager::checkService时，传给Binder驱动程序的参数为：
writeInt32(IPCThreadState::self()->getStrictModePolicy() | STRICT_MODE_PENALTY_GATHER);
writeString16("android.os.IServiceManager");
writeString16("media.player"); strict_policy = bio_get_uint32(msg);
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len);
s = bio_get_string16(msg, &len); 最后，就是调用do_find_service函数查找是存在名称为"media.player"的服务了。回忆一下前面一篇文章Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析，MediaPlayerService已经把一个名称为"media.player"的服务注册到Service Manager中，所以这里一定能找到。我们看看do_find_service这个函数：
void *do_find_service(struct binder_state *bs, uint16_t *s, unsigned len)
{struct svcinfo *si;si = find_svc(s, len);// LOGI("check_service('%s') ptr = %p\n", str8(s), si ? si->ptr : 0);if (si && si->ptr) {return si->ptr;} else {return 0;}
}struct svcinfo *find_svc(uint16_t *s16, unsigned len)
{struct svcinfo *si;for (si = svclist; si; si = si->next) {if ((len == si->len) &&!memcmp(s16, si->name, len * sizeof(uint16_t))) {return si;}}return 0;
}然后返回到do_find_service函数中。回忆一下前面一篇文章Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析，这里的si->ptr就是指MediaPlayerService这个Binder实体在Service Manager进程中的句柄值了。
回到svcmgr_handler函数中，调用bio_put_ref函数将这个Binder引用写回到reply参数。我们看看bio_put_ref的实现：
void bio_put_ref(struct binder_io *bio, void *ptr)
{struct binder_object *obj;if (ptr)obj = bio_alloc_obj(bio);elseobj = bio_alloc(bio, sizeof(*obj));if (!obj)return;obj->flags = 0x7f | FLAT_BINDER_FLAG_ACCEPTS_FDS;obj->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;obj->pointer = ptr;obj->cookie = 0;
}再回到svcmgr_handler函数中，最后，还写入一个0值到reply缓冲区中，表示操作结果码：
bio_put_uint32(reply, 0);void binder_send_reply(struct binder_state *bs,struct binder_io *reply,void *buffer_to_free,int status)
{struct {uint32_t cmd_free;void *buffer;uint32_t cmd_reply;struct binder_txn txn;} __attribute__((packed)) data;data.cmd_free = BC_FREE_BUFFER;data.buffer = buffer_to_free;data.cmd_reply = BC_REPLY;data.txn.target = 0;data.txn.cookie = 0;data.txn.code = 0;if (status) {data.txn.flags = TF_STATUS_CODE;data.txn.data_size = sizeof(int);data.txn.offs_size = 0;data.txn.data = &status;data.txn.offs = 0;} else {data.txn.flags = 0;data.txn.data_size = reply->data - reply->data0;data.txn.offs_size = ((char*) reply->offs) - ((char*) reply->offs0);data.txn.data = reply->data0;data.txn.offs = reply->offs0;}binder_write(bs, &data, sizeof(data));
}再来看binder_write函数：
int binder_write(struct binder_state *bs, void *data, unsigned len)
{struct binder_write_read bwr;int res;bwr.write_size = len;bwr.write_consumed = 0;bwr.write_buffer = (unsigned) data;bwr.read_size = 0;bwr.read_consumed = 0;bwr.read_buffer = 0;res = ioctl(bs->fd, BINDER_WRITE_READ, &bwr);if (res < 0) {fprintf(stderr,"binder_write: ioctl failed (%s)\n",strerror(errno));}return res;
}这里又是一个ioctl的BINDER_WRITE_READ操作。直入到驱动程序的binder_ioctl函数后，执行BINDER_WRITE_READ命令，这里就不累述了。
最后，从binder_ioctl执行到binder_thread_write函数，首先是执行BC_FREE_BUFFER命令，这个命令的执行在前面一篇文章Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Server启动过程源代码分析已经介绍过了，这里就不再累述了。
我们重点关注BC_REPLY命令的执行：
int
binder_thread_write(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread, void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed)
{ uint32_t cmd; void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed; void __user *end = buffer + size; while (ptr < end && thread->return_error == BR_OK) { if (get_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) return -EFAULT; ptr += sizeof(uint32_t); if (_IOC_NR(cmd) < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_stats.bc)) { binder_stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++; proc->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++; thread->stats.bc[_IOC_NR(cmd)]++; } switch (cmd) { ...... case BC_TRANSACTION: case BC_REPLY: { struct binder_transaction_data tr; if (copy_from_user(&tr, ptr, sizeof(tr))) return -EFAULT; ptr += sizeof(tr); binder_transaction(proc, thread, &tr, cmd == BC_REPLY); break; } ...... *consumed = ptr - buffer; } return 0;
} static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
{struct binder_transaction *t;struct binder_work *tcomplete;size_t *offp, *off_end;struct binder_proc *target_proc;struct binder_thread *target_thread = NULL;struct binder_node *target_node = NULL;struct list_head *target_list;wait_queue_head_t *target_wait;struct binder_transaction *in_reply_to = NULL;struct binder_transaction_log_entry *e;uint32_t return_error;......if (reply) {in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;if (in_reply_to == NULL) {......return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_empty_call_stack;}......thread->transaction_stack = in_reply_to->to_parent;target_thread = in_reply_to->from;......target_proc = target_thread->proc;} else {......}if (target_thread) {e->to_thread = target_thread->pid;target_list = &target_thread->todo;target_wait = &target_thread->wait;} else {......}/* TODO: reuse incoming transaction for reply */t = kzalloc(sizeof(*t), GFP_KERNEL);if (t == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_alloc_t_failed;}binder_stats.obj_created[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++;tcomplete = kzalloc(sizeof(*tcomplete), GFP_KERNEL);if (tcomplete == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_alloc_tcomplete_failed;}......if (!reply && !(tr->flags & TF_ONE_WAY))t->from = thread;elset->from = NULL;t->sender_euid = proc->tsk->cred->euid;t->to_proc = target_proc;t->to_thread = target_thread;t->code = tr->code;t->flags = tr->flags;t->priority = task_nice(current);t->buffer = binder_alloc_buf(target_proc, tr->data_size,tr->offsets_size, !reply && (t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY));if (t->buffer == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_binder_alloc_buf_failed;}t->buffer->allow_user_free = 0;t->buffer->debug_id = t->debug_id;t->buffer->transaction = t;t->buffer->target_node = target_node;if (target_node)binder_inc_node(target_node, 1, 0, NULL);offp = (size_t *)(t->buffer->data + ALIGN(tr->data_size, sizeof(void *)));if (copy_from_user(t->buffer->data, tr->data.ptr.buffer, tr->data_size)) {binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid ""data ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_copy_data_failed;}if (copy_from_user(offp, tr->data.ptr.offsets, tr->offsets_size)) {binder_user_error("binder: %d:%d got transaction with invalid ""offsets ptr\n", proc->pid, thread->pid);return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_copy_data_failed;}......off_end = (void *)offp + tr->offsets_size;for (; offp < off_end; offp++) {struct flat_binder_object *fp;......fp = (struct flat_binder_object *)(t->buffer->data + *offp);switch (fp->type) {......case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {struct binder_ref *ref = binder_get_ref(proc, fp->handle);if (ref == NULL) {......return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_binder_get_ref_failed;}if (ref->node->proc == target_proc) {......} else {struct binder_ref *new_ref;new_ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, ref->node);if (new_ref == NULL) {return_error = BR_FAILED_REPLY;goto err_binder_get_ref_for_node_failed;}fp->handle = new_ref->desc;binder_inc_ref(new_ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, NULL);......}} break;......}}if (reply) {BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {......} else {......}t->work.type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION;list_add_tail(&t->work.entry, target_list);tcomplete->type = BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE;list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);if (target_wait)wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);return;......
}那么，这次是如何找到target_proc和target_thread呢。首先，我们注意到，这里的reply等于1，其次，上面我们提到，Binder驱动程序在唤醒Service Manager，告诉它有一个事务t要处理时，事务t虽然从Service Manager的todo队列中删除了，但是仍然保留在transaction_stack中。因此，这里可以从thread->transaction_stack找回这个等待回复的事务t，然后通过它找回target_proc和target_thread：
in_reply_to = thread->transaction_stack;
target_thread = in_reply_to->from;
target_list = &target_thread->todo;
target_wait = &target_thread->wait;struct binder_ref *ref = binder_get_ref(proc, fp->handle);这里面的ref->node->proc不等于target_proc，因为这个Binder实体是属于创建MediaPlayerService的进程的，而不是请求这个服务的远程接口的进程的，因此，这里调用binder_get_ref_for_node函数为这个Binder实体在target_proc创建一个引用：
struct binder_ref *new_ref;
new_ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, ref->node);binder_inc_ref(new_ref, fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE, NULL);fp->handle = new_ref->desc;再往下看：
if (reply) {BUG_ON(t->buffer->async_transaction != 0);binder_pop_transaction(target_thread, in_reply_to);
} else if (!(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) {......
} else {......
}再往后的逻辑就跟前面执行binder_transaction函数时候一样了，这里不再介绍。最后的结果就是唤醒请求SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE操作的线程：
if (target_wait)wake_up_interruptible(target_wait);list_add_tail(&tcomplete->entry, &thread->todo);switch (w->type) {
case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE: { cmd = BR_TRANSACTION_COMPLETE; if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) return -EFAULT; ptr += sizeof(uint32_t); list_del(&w->entry); kfree(w); } break; ......
} 上面讲到调用请求SVC_MGR_CHECK_SERVICE操作的线程被唤醒了，于是，重新执行binder_thread_read函数：
static int
binder_thread_read(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread, void __user *buffer, int size, signed long *consumed, int non_block)
{ void __user *ptr = buffer + *consumed; void __user *end = buffer + size; int ret = 0; int wait_for_proc_work; if (*consumed == 0) { if (put_user(BR_NOOP, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) return -EFAULT; ptr += sizeof(uint32_t); } retry: wait_for_proc_work = thread->transaction_stack == NULL && list_empty(&thread->todo); ...... if (wait_for_proc_work) { ...... } else { if (non_block) { if (!binder_has_thread_work(thread)) ret = -EAGAIN; } else ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread)); } ...... while (1) { uint32_t cmd; struct binder_transaction_data tr; struct binder_work *w; struct binder_transaction *t = NULL; if (!list_empty(&thread->todo)) w = list_first_entry(&thread->todo, struct binder_work, entry); else if (!list_empty(&proc->todo) && wait_for_proc_work) w = list_first_entry(&proc->todo, struct binder_work, entry); else { if (ptr - buffer == 4 && !(thread->looper & BINDER_LOOPER_STATE_NEED_RETURN)) /* no data added */ goto retry; break; } ...... switch (w->type) { case BINDER_WORK_TRANSACTION: { t = container_of(w, struct binder_transaction, work); } break; ...... } if (!t) continue; BUG_ON(t->buffer == NULL); if (t->buffer->target_node) { ...... } else { tr.target.ptr = NULL; tr.cookie = NULL; cmd = BR_REPLY; } tr.code = t->code; tr.flags = t->flags; tr.sender_euid = t->sender_euid; if (t->from) { ...... } else { tr.sender_pid = 0; } tr.data_size = t->buffer->data_size; tr.offsets_size = t->buffer->offsets_size; tr.data.ptr.buffer = (void *)t->buffer->data + proc->user_buffer_offset; tr.data.ptr.offsets = tr.data.ptr.buffer + ALIGN(t->buffer->data_size, sizeof(void *)); if (put_user(cmd, (uint32_t __user *)ptr)) return -EFAULT; ptr += sizeof(uint32_t); if (copy_to_user(ptr, &tr, sizeof(tr))) return -EFAULT; ptr += sizeof(tr); ...... list_del(&t->work.entry); t->buffer->allow_user_free = 1; if (cmd == BR_TRANSACTION && !(t->flags & TF_ONE_WAY)) { ...... } else { t->buffer->transaction = NULL; kfree(t); binder_stats.obj_deleted[BINDER_STAT_TRANSACTION]++; } break; } done: ...... return 0;
} ret = wait_event_interruptible(thread->wait, binder_has_thread_work(thread));执行完这个函数后，就返回到binder_ioctl函数，执行下面语句，把数据返回给用户空间：
if (copy_to_user(ubuf, &bwr, sizeof(bwr))) { ret = -EFAULT; goto err;
} status_t IPCThreadState::waitForResponse(Parcel *reply, status_t *acquireResult)
{ int32_t cmd; int32_t err; while (1) { if ((err=talkWithDriver()) < NO_ERROR) break; ...... cmd = mIn.readInt32(); ...... switch (cmd) { ...... case BR_REPLY: { binder_transaction_data tr; err = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr)); LOG_ASSERT(err == NO_ERROR, "Not enough command data for brREPLY"); if (err != NO_ERROR) goto finish; if (reply) { if ((tr.flags & TF_STATUS_CODE) == 0) { reply->ipcSetDataReference( reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer), tr.data_size, reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets), tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), freeBuffer, this); } else { ......} } else { ...... } } goto finish; ...... } } finish: ...... return err;
} reply->ipcSetDataReference( reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer), tr.data_size, reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets), tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), freeBuffer, this); void Parcel::ipcSetDataReference(const uint8_t* data, size_t dataSize,const size_t* objects, size_t objectsCount, release_func relFunc, void* relCookie)
{freeDataNoInit();mError = NO_ERROR;mData = const_cast<uint8_t*>(data);mDataSize = mDataCapacity = dataSize;//LOGI("setDataReference Setting data size of %p to %lu (pid=%d)\n", this, mDataSize, getpid());mDataPos = 0;LOGV("setDataReference Setting data pos of %p to %d\n", this, mDataPos);mObjects = const_cast<size_t*>(objects);mObjectsSize = mObjectsCapacity = objectsCount;mNextObjectHint = 0;mOwner = relFunc;mOwnerCookie = relCookie;scanForFds();
}从这里层层返回，最后回到BpServiceManager::checkService函数中：
virtual sp<IBinder> BpServiceManager::checkService( const String16& name) const
{Parcel data, reply;data.writeInterfaceToken(IServiceManager::getInterfaceDescriptor());data.writeString16(name);remote()->transact(CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);return reply.readStrongBinder();
}remote()->transact(CHECK_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, &reply);sp<IBinder> Parcel::readStrongBinder() const
{sp<IBinder> val;unflatten_binder(ProcessState::self(), *this, &val);return val;
}status_t unflatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,const Parcel& in, sp<IBinder>* out)
{const flat_binder_object* flat = in.readObject(false);if (flat) {switch (flat->type) {case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:*out = static_cast<IBinder*>(flat->cookie);return finish_unflatten_binder(NULL, *flat, in);case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:*out = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(flat->handle);return finish_unflatten_binder(static_cast<BpBinder*>(out->get()), *flat, in);} }return BAD_TYPE;
}sp<IBinder> ProcessState::getStrongProxyForHandle(int32_t handle)
{sp<IBinder> result;AutoMutex _l(mLock);handle_entry* e = lookupHandleLocked(handle);if (e != NULL) {// We need to create a new BpBinder if there isn't currently one, OR we// are unable to acquire a weak reference on this current one. See comment// in getWeakProxyForHandle() for more info about this.IBinder* b = e->binder;if (b == NULL || !e->refs->attemptIncWeak(this)) {b = new BpBinder(handle); e->binder = b;if (b) e->refs = b->getWeakRefs();result = b;} else {// This little bit of nastyness is to allow us to add a primary// reference to the remote proxy when this team doesn't have one// but another team is sending the handle to us.result.force_set(b);e->refs->decWeak(this);}}return result;
}b = new BpBinder(handle);
e->binder = b;
if (b) e->refs = b->getWeakRefs();
result = b;binder = sm->getService(String16("media.player"));binder = new BpBinder(handle);sMediaPlayerService = interface_cast<IMediaPlayerService>(binder);android::sp<IMediaPlayerService> IMediaPlayerService::asInterface(const android::sp<android::IBinder>& obj)
{android::sp<IServiceManager> intr;if (obj != NULL) { intr = static_cast<IMediaPlayerService*>( obj->queryLocalInterface(IMediaPlayerService::descriptor).get());if (intr == NULL) {intr = new BpMediaPlayerService(obj);}}return intr;
}intr = new BpMediaPlayerService(new BpBinder(handle));有了这个BpMediaPlayerService这个远程接口之后，MediaPlayer就可以调用MediaPlayerService的服务了。
至此，Android系统进程间通信（IPC）机制Binder中的Client如何通过Service Manager的getService函数获得Server远程接口的过程就分析完了，Binder机制的学习就暂告一段落了。
不过，细心的读者可能会发现，我们这里介绍的Binder机制都是基于C/C++语言实现的，但是我们在编写应用程序都是基于Java语言的，那么，我们如何使用Java语言来使用系统的Binder机制来进行进程间通信呢？这就是下一篇文章要介绍的内容了，敬请关注。
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